Monday, December 30, 2019
Literary Romanticism Essay - 608 Words
Literary Romanticism Literary Romanticism is a movement in literature present in the history of virtually every European country, the USA, and Latin America. It lasted from approximately 1750 to about 1870 and was characterized by reliance on the imagination and emotional subjectivity of approach, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature. The term romantic first appeared in 18th-century English and originally meant romancelike#8212;that is, resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances. Romanticism was merely a product of bygone ages as are all works of literature. Heinrich Heine is an example of a German romantic poet. He is best renowned for his early lyrical poems and ballads, which areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Because the profession of law was prohibited to Jews in Germany at that time, Heine, who was born Jewish, converted to Christianity in 1825 in order to obtain a law degree. He received his degree but never practiced law. In 1826 Die Harzreise (The Harz Journey 1887), a prose account of a trip he had taken to the Harz, a mountain range in central Germany, was published. This work, with its wit and grace of style, won success immediately and established Heines literary reputation. In 1827 his Buch der Lieder (Book of Songs, 1846) was published. Many noted composers, including Franz Schubert of Austria and Robert Schumann of Germany, wrote music to accompany these verses. From 1827 to 1831 Heine lived in England and Italy as well as in various parts of Germany. During that period he wrote the three volumes of travel stories that, with Die Harzreise, make up the four volumes of his Reisebilder (1826-1831; Travel Pictures, 1887). He also wrote a number of prose works in which he displayed sympathy with the democratic ideas of the French Revolution (1789-1799) and bitterly satirized the feudal regimes of the German kingdoms and duchies (see Feudalism). In the 1830s Heine became a prominent member of a literary group known as Junges Deutschland (Young Germany), which attacked the German school of Romanticism for having come under the domination of the monarchy and the church. He had hoped to obtain a position as a professor of German literature, but hisShow MoreRelatedLiterary Romanticism : Literary Realism852 Words à |à 4 PagesLiterary Romanticism in Contrast to Literary Realism Romanticism is a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. This particular movement focused on imagination and the interpretation of imagination by the individual. Romanticism primarily used symbolism to represent a much broader meaning than the object itself. In contrast, Realism attempts to describe life without idealization or romanticRead More Literary Analysis of the Enlightenment Period and Romanticism1461 Words à |à 6 Pagesnineteenth centuries, the literary world witnessed the birth of the Enlightenment and Romantic Periods. There were similarities as well as very notable differences between the two. There were also two prominent voices that gained notoriety during each of these two periods. Voltaire is considered to be the pioneer of the power of reason and Rousseau is looked upon as a legendary figure of Nineteenth Century Romanticism. This analysis will evaluat e the two eras, both writers and a literary piece. The EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Literary And Artistic Romanticism Movement1758 Words à |à 8 PagesJohn Constable was a 18th and 19th century English artist whose work has coincided with the literary and artistic Romanticism movement. His works included many painting and sketches of the natural world and environment which was one of the hallmarks of Romantic works. A lot of his work did not cover the theme of ruins until later in his life and especially after the death of his wife. His oil on canvas painting, ââ¬Å"Hadleigh Castle, The Mouth of the Thamesââ¬âMorning after a Stormy Nightâ⬠depicts the ruinsRead MoreDark Romanticism As A Literary Genre Essay2034 Words à |à 9 PagesDark romanticism originated from the despairing nature from the sub genre s literature and the impact from earlier romantic literature. Furthermore, even though it represented the opposite of philosophical belief, dark romanticism is a literary sub genre that was developed in the mid-nineteenth c entury during the transcendental philosophical movement. Because dark romanticism derived in this fashion and began in the fascinating time period of 1840-1860, it produced some of the most recognized writersRead MoreLiterary evolution: Differentiating Romanticism and Modernist Literature1077 Words à |à 5 Pageschange throughout the years, each one of these periods can easily be separated by what literature was used for in each specific era and the ideas that are represented in the literature of these years. The two periods I would like to analyze are romanticism and modernism, namely for the dramatic change in both the form and the use of literature, along with its value to society. Between the romantic and modernist era of literature, writing went from a complex expression of ideals and evocation of emotionRead MoreLiterary Romanticism In Madame Bovary706 Words à |à 3 Pagesphase of romanticism in 1856, French novelist, Gustave Flaubert boycotted the promised fairy tales f ound in novels with, Madame Bovary. Flaubertââ¬â¢s story of the failed dreamer utilizes literary realism to exploit the truths of looking for the imaginary in reality. With his meticulous writing skills, Flaubert exposes the unspoken fears of love through his protagonist, Emma Bovary. Despite initial outrage during publication, Madame Bovary has developed into a staple piece in the age of romanticism. As anRead MoreThe Modern Literary Era Shift From Romanticism Into Realism In The 20th Century2016 Words à |à 9 Pagesmodern literary era shifted from romanticism into realism in the early 20th century. Realism in literature stripped away romantic notion in favor of a more representative style. This new literature was descriptive and colorful while describing on occasion, terrible events from experiences born out of World War One. Many of these writers were considered part of the Lost Generation and their literary themes expressed the feelings of their time. A smaller subset of these writers took their literary talentsRead MoreRomanticism s Impact On America Essay1374 Words à |à 6 Pagesperiod of Romanticism, occurring between the years 1800 and 1860, left a significant impact on not only the literature of that time, but the literature of today as well. Prior to romantic writings, the world focused on society and logic. Romanticism allowed people to start valuing individualism and to appeal to emotional responses. This new way of thinking brought new literary styles, themes, and genres that were never explored before and are still found today. The literature of Romanticism allowedRead MoreRomanticism s Impact On America Essay1376 Words à |à 6 Pagesperiod of Romanticism, occurring between the years 1800 and 1860, left a significant impact on not only the literature of that time, but the literature of today as well. Prior to romantic writings, the world focused on society and logic. Romanticism allowed people to start valuing individualism and to appeal to emotional responses. This new way of thinking brought new literary styles, themes, and genres that were never explored before and are still found today. The literature of Romanticism allowedRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words à |à 7 PagesRomanticism, Romanticism, in a way, was a reaction against rigid Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the eighteenth century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from country to country and from romanticist to romanticist. Because it emphasized change it was an atmosphere in which events occurred and came to affect not only the way humans thought and expressed them, but also the way they lived socially and politically (Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13). ââ¬Å"Romanticism
Sunday, December 22, 2019
The Scarlet Letter The Problem with Labeling Other People
As we read the novel, ââ¬Å"The Scarlet Letter,â⬠we were acquainted with the manner the Puritan society branded their sinners contingent on the immoralities they have committed. They believed that punishing these sinners by humiliation was the prominent way for them to bear the cost of their debauchery. Resembling this past our present has been subject to this same form of branding and labeling. We judge the way the Puritan society strictly punished its citizens by putting them on scaffolds where they were publicly humiliated. We hypocritically judge this form of punishment when we are practicing these same immoral acts. Although we are not putting them on scaffolds or literally branding people we are causing them the same kind of degradationâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦She becomes overwhelmed with the thought of punishment. She feels as though the scarlet letter has become her one and only identity, acting as thought the neatly embroiled letter is all that defines her. Sham ed and alienated from the community Hester becomes full of mental anguish and physical weakness. Even her physical appearance starts changing as though the letter has taken away all the purity and beauty in her. This is what we do to people when we bestow such labels upon them. If you are labeled as someone who behaves a certain way for a long period of time it consequently becomes hard to deny it. As people keep on defining you in a certain way you eventually stop disagreeing and conform to the way people portray you. Pretty soon, it affects your life in a larger way than anyone intended it to and you become the real embodiment of that label. Although at times we do it unintentionally, it does not change the fact that an individual can be hurt by a simple word. The author Jane Porter once wrote, I never yet heard man or woman much abused that I was not inclined to think the better of them, and to transfer the suspicion or dislike to the one who found pleasure in pointing out the de fects of another. Once we understand why we act in such a way, we can work on eliminating the habit of labeling others. We can overcome it by promoting absolute approval, sympathy, and consideration. WeShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter : The Objectification, Ostracization, And Targeting Of Women Essay1523 Words à |à 7 Pages The Scarlet Letter: The Objectification, Ostracization, and Targeting of Women. Kevin Sachtleben Harris- Period 3 ââ¬Å"From the intense consciousness of being the object of severe and universal observation, the wearer of the scarlet letter was at length relieved, by discerning on the outskirts of the crowd a figure which irresistibly took possession of her thoughts.â⬠(Hawthorne, 52). This quote from the top of page fifty two surrounds the most controversial event in the book from when Hester wasRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1877 Words à |à 8 PagesRhetorical Analysis During the 17th century, a Puritan commonwealth presided over Boston and was known for its strict adherence to religious, moral and social codes. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes rhetorical strategies in order to denounce the Puritan system of beliefs and bring to light the hypocrisy of the Puritan community as he tells the agonizing story of a young woman who was condemned by society. In passage 1, the Hawthorne employs an allusion when he explains that HesterRead MoreInnocent Victims : The Effects On Children Of The Incarcerated2103 Words à |à 9 PagesInnocent Victims: The Effects on Children of the Incarcerated In the U.S., our criminal justice system incarcerates more people than any other country on earth. Incarceration rates have skyrocketed over the past 30 years due to stricter laws and harsher penalties for drug use and possession. As a result of these high incarceration rates, many households and society, in general, has been adversely affected by the absence of men and women from their families and from their communities. While beingRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration Rates On The United States2094 Words à |à 9 PagesIn the U.S., our criminal justice system incarcerates more people than any other country on earth. Incarceration rates have skyrocketed over the past 30 years due to stricter laws and harsher penalties for drug use and possession. As a result of these high incarceration rates, many households and society, in general, has been adversely affected by the absence of men and women from their families and from their communities. While being in confinement is definitely tough on those incarcerated, theRead MoreFemale Writers : Mean Girls ( Tina Fey ) And Clueless ( Amy Heckerling ) Essay1497 Words à |à 6 Pagesshaming, gossiping amongst peers, school girls to preserve their reputation. Emma Stone plays the main character, Olive. The premise of Oliveââ¬â¢s social experiment with ruining her reputation to promote the reputations of others is a result from reading the book, The Scarlet Letter in class. When addressing the issues concerning a young womanââ¬â¢s virginity, it could be clearly defined in the 1985 film The Breakfast Club It s kind of a double-edged sword, isn t it? If you say you haven t, you reRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Nella Larson Essay1581 Words à |à 7 Pagesafter her Negro father (from the Virgin Islands) dies (at her age of two), and her Danish mother marries a man of her own race and nationality. At age of five, Larsen attends a small private school whose pupils were mostly German and Scandinavian. Labeling herself as a mulattoà ¬Ã ¬, a daughter of an interracial family; she does not identify specific connection with West Indian relatives. Passing protagonists, Irene Redfield and Clare Kendry, struggle with racial and sexual identities; Clare Kendry, breaks
Friday, December 13, 2019
Family or the Individual Who Do We Work with Free Essays
string(67) " and are able to understand their actions till the age of 18 \(\)\." Dani Romero Dr. Mack Cherry PHIL 3311 3/1/2013 Family or the individual: Who do we work with? Just as culture and individuals, medical ethics varies around the world. In the Western world medical ethics regarding consent is almost driven by the idea of separating the patient from the family. We will write a custom essay sample on Family or the Individual: Who Do We Work with? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As discussed in class and readings, Western bio-ethics, compared to other countries, goes to the extent in dehumanizing the family figure when it comes to medical ethics, unless the patient is incapable to make their own decisions on their care. This idea is applied to most cases, even to those pertaining to minors. In other countries, for example China, family is the first source a physician goes to in order to to discuss the patients care and state before talking to the patient. The main question is, which approach should be used when it comes to consent? Is it better to glorify the patients independence by getting rid of the family figure or is it better for the physician to go to the family first before bombarding a patient with overwhelming information? Of course, both sides of the argument have valid ideas defending their reasoning; however, trying to approach this as unbiased standard would be useless. In addition to making an insight to both arguments I will also apply what I have experienced with regards to a family vs. individual approach in my culture. First of all, we must understand that each approach is based on a statistical analysis, meaning that itââ¬â¢s a summation of the most common outcomes of each individual case. We approach each case like this because it would be impossible to remember every single outcome for each individual case that is relevant. This doesnââ¬â¢t mean that every single family is evil and tries to exclude the patient from their own choices; however, it also doesnââ¬â¢t mean that every family is a depiction of the Brady Bunch where everyone is happy, understanding and embraces each others flaws and quirks. In addition, we must also fully understand what the term family really means. According to the Oxford Dictionary a family means ââ¬Å" a group consisting of parents and children living together in a householdâ⬠. If you approach this through a biological point of view it means ââ¬Å"a principal taxonomic category that ranks above genus and below orderâ⬠(Oxford Dictionary). In both descriptions a family is basically a group that shares similar qualities and characteristics, but unlike friends that share same interests, family members are joined by a blood line that holds together by, not only interest, but also biological need to survive (e. . Propagation of their genes to future generations) In Western culture there has been a desire to separate the patient from the family. It almost feels as if society sees the family figure as a source of unfair control or a dictatorship that silences the individuals voice. In our modern society, bio ethics is driven by working for whats the best interest of the patient and what they, as an individual, say is bet ter fit for them. In this approach, the family plays a only a ââ¬Å"by defaultâ⬠sense, meaning that the patient is incapable of acting on their own behalf and has failed to appoint another individual to serve in their behalf and make decisions in the patients best interest (Boisaubin, 2004; Cherry and Engelhardt, 2004) Through the passing of the years, we as Americanââ¬â¢s have built up a mind set that families are evil and should not be trusted since we believe that no one knows better than what the individual wants but the individual himself. The ideas behind isolating the individual from the family is to protect their ââ¬Å"best interestâ⬠. By having the patient as the ââ¬Å"go to figureâ⬠we are enforcing the authority the patient has over themselves thus assuring that they are the only one that have control on what should happen to them. The idea of liberty plays a great part in Western culture, thus by isolating the patient we are playing by what every American is entitled to, which in this case, is the liberty to either accept or deny treatments offered by physicians. Also, as mentioned before, the main reason why an a patient is treated as an individual is in order to protect their best interest. As it can be easily seen, the family figure plays no role in this approach. The families main role is to play a historian in order to help the physician fill any gaps left by the patient. In this case families are suppose to be trusted, unless they show signs that they are incapable of being trusted. As mentioned in Ruiping Fanââ¬â¢s and Julia Taoââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Consent to Medical Treatment: The Complex Interplay of Patients, Families, and Physicians,Western ioethics began as a fight against paternalism in order for the patient to gain autonomy over themselves (Engelhardt, 2002). Bioethics was build up on the pillars of individualism and autonomy over ones own body and decisions. Knowing this it doesnââ¬â¢t seem strange that Western bioethics drive a wedge between the family and the individual. Most would believe that the wedge driven between pati ent and family wouldnââ¬â¢t affect pediatrics since children arenââ¬â¢t seen as a someone who is responsible and aware of their actions and their repercussions. However, in Western society the same idea is being applied to pediatric care. In todayââ¬â¢s society, under the ââ¬Å"Convention on the Rights of Childrenâ⬠by the United nations ââ¬Å"minor children ought to be treated as self-possessed moral agents, who are to undertake their own moral and life-style decision making as soon as possible and as far as feasibleâ⬠(Parental Authority and Pediatric Bioethical, pg. 553). An example would be acceptance of allowing children as young as 14 years-old to get birth control and abortion with out parental consent. Even if, according to Englehardt, some isnââ¬â¢t considered a responsible person in the sense that they are rational and are able to understand their actions till the age of 18 (). You read "Family or the Individual: Who Do We Work with?" in category "Family" It almost seems strange that children at such young age have the mental and moral capacity to make such drastic decisions with out parental consent. This all falls under the same idea of the individual being independent and free to make their own choice, even if the individual doesnââ¬â¢t have full control over their impulses. Granted that parents and guardians are suppose to act in behalf of their childââ¬â¢s best interest; however, how is possible for Western bioethics to try to drive a wedge between the bond of child and parent at such an early age? On the other hand when we look at other countries such as China, we see that there is there is a more family oriented approach to medical ethics. According to Yali Congââ¬â¢s article ââ¬Å"Doctor-Family-Patient Relationship: The Chinese Paradigm of Informed Consentâ⬠a ââ¬Å"family memberâ⬠can either be the patients family or the representative of the patientââ¬â¢s entire family, usually meaning the grandfather, father or elder son (pg. 52). The individual makes part of the family, thus whatever causes harm to the individual causes harm to the family ( e. c emotionally, mentally, economically) therefore the family should be with the individual in order to support them through the process. In most cases in China, the physician discusses the patients health with the family first and then they decide how much the patient should be told or if they should be told at all. Even if this approach is family oriented, it doesnââ¬â¢t mean that the individuals voice is ignored and all the decisions are made by the family and donââ¬â¢t consider the individual. It means that if the individual isnââ¬â¢t able to communicate or the family decides not fully disclose all the information to the patient, family members will act in the patients behalf and follow what the patient best interest is. This bioethical approach revolves around one central idea: why should we separate the patient from the people they are there to support them? As explained, Chinese physicians would never directly tell the patient that they are suffering from a terminal illness. On the other hand they would approach the family and educate them about whatââ¬â¢s going on and what could happen and then the family can decide what to do in regards of letting the patient know. Families usually tell their loved ones the diagnosis gradually in order for them to take in the news and learn to accept it little-by-little and allowing them to adjust to their state (Doctor-Family-Patient Relationship, pg. 155) Another similar approach to the family oriented consent is that of Confucian moral balance where not only is family integrity important but also pursuits a harmonious ambiance where family members can cooperate and work harmoniously with one another in order to work for the patients best interest (The Family and Harmonious Medical Decision Making, pg. 580). In the case of Tankai and her unfortunate death due a strike to the head in an accident her parents had to become the figure of authority since Tankai couldnââ¬â¢t possible act in her behalf. After her death, Tankaiââ¬â¢s father decided to donate her organs in the hope that ââ¬Å"their daughters life could at least partially be continued in someone [else]â⬠(HEC Forum 2008, pg. 191). In this case, the family stepped in and acted on their daughters behalf and did what they knew Tankai would have decided on if she where to be of sound and mind before her passing. As shown by this case, the families job is to act in the behalf of the individual and do what they would have considered their best interest. In addition, it is understood that when the term ââ¬Å"best interestâ⬠is used in this context it doesnââ¬â¢t mean the what the family may benefit from but what a the individual of the family will ultimately benefit from. After understanding both sides of the argument, I can see that I lean more towards the family oriented approach. I was brought up in a traditional Catholic home, in addition I come from a Mexican background meaning that I come from a very conservative household. Family plays a big role in the morals that have been taught to me through both my religion and culture. As I grew older I started to deviate from some of the ideas that had been drilled into my head by my culture. However, I donââ¬â¢t understand the Western obsession with separating the individual from the family as if they where to ignore the individuals voice and carry out their beliefs on them. Family is seen as the core of social and economic activity and therefore the locust of moral activity. Iââ¬â¢m not saying that individuals choices should be manipulated by the families interest but the family shouldnââ¬â¢t be removed from the picture since they are the source of the individuals moral and ethical reasoning. The individualââ¬â¢s reasoning usually comes from elder family members that have been passed down from one generation to another, which makes the idea of cutting off the family seem even more irrational. As I grew up, I was taught that with out family you donââ¬â¢t have anything. I was taught that family is the glue that holds all your life together and without it life would be hard and eventually fall apart. Of course, not all families are the same and there may be a reason why Western medical ethics have decided to remove the family figure, but for the most part family members tend to care more for the people they have a stronger connection to thus making them one of the most reliable choice rather than a ââ¬Å"by defaultâ⬠choice. However, if the family doesnââ¬â¢t seem to be trust worthy (due to their actions, behavior, and decisions of care for the patient) or the patient has expressed that they donââ¬â¢t wish to have to do anything with them, I believe that the family oriented approach is the better one. I trust that my parents, siblings or any other family member, can responsibly act on my behalf if Iââ¬â¢m not able to do so. Why wouldnââ¬â¢t I trust the people that have been there for me through thick and thin, and have molded me to become the person I am today? It seems bizarre to think that some people canââ¬â¢t trust their own family members; however, I do understand that not everyone has the same luck with family members and experience. In my own personal view of the situation I would prefer for my parents to be informed first about by condition, that is if itââ¬â¢s a horrble diagnosis. I would prefer for my parents to have their breakdown and cry out their feelings prior to me knowing the diagnoses. I believe this because when I am informed by the physician I would have my moment and would be able to look at my parents and have them be the shoulder for me to cry on, rather than them having a meltdown and me not have anyone to look up to and reassure me ââ¬Å"everything would be okâ⬠. Generally, itââ¬â¢s the families duty to comfort the ill family member, and having them cry and have a meltdown would be more stressful rather than comforting. I also agree with the Chinese ethical belief that when it comes to medical context it should com down to three different parties: the patient, family and physician (The Family and Harmonious Medical Decision Making, pg. 580) Another thing to think about when it comes to family oriented approach is the role parental and guardian supervision take place in pediatric care. Due to my upbringing in a catholic home itââ¬â¢s really hard for me to stomach the idea that children as young as 14 years-old can receive abortions and birth-control without parental consent. Yes, I understand the idea that itââ¬â¢s better for them to be sexually active with protection rather than having them have unprotected intimate relationship. However, this comes back to the idea of moral pluralism, that everyone is a secular individual and necessarily share the same beliefs. However, maybe itââ¬â¢s because it got beaten into my head that it wasnââ¬â¢t acceptable to be intimate till marriage, but to me it seems that we are giving children the easy way out. Technically, Western culture is enforcing children to go behind their parents back and engage in such activities that they [the child] could lead to consequences that they can easily be protected from or taken out of. My question is; when is protecting the childââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"best interestâ⬠gone too far? Western culture is attempting to take apart the family figure by allowing children to be ââ¬Å" self-possessed moral agentsâ⬠(Parental Authorityâ⬠¦ pg. 553). Overall, there is a definite connection between Chinese morals with hose that I have been exposed to, making it harder for me to understand the reasoning behind Western fight for the separation of the patient from the family. Family oriented and individual oriented approaches to medical cases have one thing in common; that they both strive for the patients best interest; however, how you arrive at that is a long path that has been twisted and turned by modern Western society. This makes is impossible for physi cians to choose a default approach to all cases. Unless you live in a family and tradition driven society like China, one canââ¬â¢t assume that everyone is comfortable with a family approach. However, since America is a melting-pot or cultures there really isnââ¬â¢t a right answer for which approach should be the default one. Most individuals, and physicians, prefer the individual approach since itââ¬â¢s just easier to talk to the individual with out having 10 different people screaming at you giving different opinions. Regardless of whatââ¬â¢s easier, I believe that if the patient is to say that they prefer a family oriented approach as that the one used in China, their wishes should be respected and carried out since it is considered the patients best interest. As a prospective medical student I know I will have to understand and keep an open mind and do what the patients best interest is. Overall, I find that the family approach may be more relaxing to the patient; however, if the patients family doesnââ¬â¢t seem trustworthy or doesnââ¬â¢t seem interested on the patients best interest How to cite Family or the Individual: Who Do We Work with?, Essays
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Performance
Performance-enhancing drugs Essay Performance-Enhancing Drugs Artificial Entertainment?At a press conference in April, representatives from various professional sports joined together to discuss the effects of performance-enhancing drugs on their particular sport. Unanimously, the representatives decided that these drugs take away from the purity and natural skill of the sport, and should therefore be declared illegal in all professional and division-one college sports. This rule may go into effect as early as April of the year 2000. It is true that these enhancing drugs give athletes an opportunity to refine their skills, but who is suffering?Assume a businessman wakes up in the morning fatigued due to a lack of sleep the previous night. To improve his performance, he drinks a cup of coffee. The caffeine in the coffee wakes the businessman and prepares him for a competitive day in the business world. Should coffee be seen as a performance-enhancing drug? It is the same concept as an athlete taking a performance-enhancing drug. A businessmans coffee will simply amplify his natural skill in the business world, just like an enhancing drug taken by an athlete will amplify his natural skill in his sport. International Olympic Committee officials are concerned that baseball slugger Mark McGwire is sending the wrong message by using the performance-enhancing substance androstenedione. Androstenedione is an adrenal hormone produced naturally in men and women. It is converted in the liver to testosterone, which is used in muscle production. It is a legal and harmless substance used to improve your workout. After sending seventy baseballs out of various professional ballparks, breaking Roger Maris ancient record of sixty-one, skeptics began associating McGwires success to his use of androstenedione. He was always held back due to injury. In 1992, when androstenedione was not available, he was on track to hit seventy-four home runs before he injured his back. To prove a point, Mark McGwire put his supplements aside for a season. He wanted to show his fans that the skill he has is natural skill, and he does not need androstenedione to hit home runs. As of September 28, 1999, he has 61 home runs. With help from another home run hitter, Sammy Sosa, the excitement of baseball has reached new levels for both the players and spectators. Once again, who is suffering?There is a misconception that an average athlete can take a magical pill, and wake up the next morning hitting home runs, shooting three-pointers, and throwing sixty-yard passes. Performance-enhancing drugs do nothing of the sort. Athletes who take these substances spend hours each day training in order to fine-tune their skills. There is also a misconception that the drugs are detrimental to the athletes health. Recently, studies have shown that all enhancing drugs, with the exception of steroids, increase the life expectancy of the user. Each substance present in the drugs is produced naturally in every healthy person.Assuming that by the year 2001, all performance-enhancing drugs are made illegal in professional and division-one sports, athletes will simply have to be more careful in hiding their use of the drugs. Very few athletes will recognize the rule, and those that do will be the ones who suffer. There are many ways of masking any trace of a performance-enhancing drug. Therefore, an athlete could be taking many supplements and never be penalized. The athletes who have high morals and decide to listen to the rule will be at a disadvantage due to their honesty. Performance-enhancing drugs give athletes an opportunity to make their sport more exciting. If the drugs remove from the purity of the sport, then the purity was lost in the 1920s when vitamins became common to all athletes. Professional sports have created heroes for children all over the world. There is an excitement that has not been seen for years. When something is not broken, why fix it? 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